This exploratory study analyzes the extent of alignment between the formal and hidden curricula in responsible management education. Based on case study evidence of a school that has signed the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education, we found poor alignment between the school’s explicit RME claims and students’ lived experiences. While the formal curriculum signaled to students that RME was important, the school’s hidden curriculum sent a number of tacit messages that led students to question the relevance and applicability (...) of responsible management. The tacit messages that students received occurred along three “message sites” related to how the formal curriculum was delivered, how students and lecturers interacted, and how the school was governed. On the basis of these findings we develop a proposition that can guide further research in this area, i.e., the connotative level of language use is an important site of misalignments between what lecturers say in relation to RME and how students interpret the meaning of their lecturers’ words. We also discuss further implications of our findings for strengthening the alignment between schools’ formal RME claims and their hidden curriculum. (shrink)

The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to (...) existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. (shrink)

Vaccine research, as well as the development, testing, clinical trials, and commercial uses of vaccines involve complex processes with various biological data that include gene and protein expression, analysis of molecular and cellular interactions, study of tissue and whole body responses, and extensive epidemiological modeling. Although many data resources are available to meet different aspects of vaccine needs, it remains a challenge how we are to standardize vaccine annotation, integrate data about varied vaccine types and resources, and support advanced vaccine (...) data analysis and inference. To address these problems, the community-based Vaccine Ontology (VO) has been developed through collaboration with vaccine researchers and many national and international centers and programs, including the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO), the Infectious Disease Ontology (IDO) Initiative, and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). VO utilizes the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as the top ontology and the Relation Ontology (RO) for definition of term relationships. VO is represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and edited using the Protégé-OWL. Currently VO contains more than 2000 terms and relationships. VO emphasizes on classification of vaccines and vaccine components, vaccine quality and phenotypes, and host immune response to vaccines. These reflect different aspects of vaccine composition and biology and can thus be used to model individual vaccines. More than 200 licensed vaccines and many vaccine candidates in research or clinical trials have been modeled in VO. VO is being used for vaccine literature mining through collaboration with the National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI). Multiple VO applications will be presented. (shrink)

Research indicates that the perception of available resources is a key factor for the implementation of inclusive education. Regarding the teachers, a relatively high level of perceived personnel and physical resources is associated with more positive attitudes toward inclusive education and experiencing a higher level of self-efficacy. Thus, this study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the teacher version of the Perceptions of Resources Questionnaire. Data were collected from a sample of 1,078 in-service teachers in Austria. Different statistical analyses (...) were used, including Rasch analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the PRQ-T regarding internal consistency measured by person separation index and construct validity by both confirmatory factor analysis and the Rasch analysis. Moreover, the findings supported that the PRQ-T is a two-factor scale to measure teachers’ perceptions of personnel and physical resources in inclusive education. Further studies with different samples are necessary to confirm the findings. (shrink)

In the context of item response theory, linking the scales of two measurement points is a prerequisite to examine a change in competence over time. In educational large-scale assessments, non-identical test forms sharing a number of anchor-items are frequently scaled and linked using two− or three-parametric item response models. However, if item pools are limited and/or sample sizes are small to medium, the sparser Rasch model is a suitable alternative regarding the precision of parameter estimation. As the Rasch (...) model implies stricter assumptions about the response process, a violation of these assumptions may manifest as model misfit in form of item discrimination parameters empirically deviating from their fixed value of one. The present simulation study investigated the performance of four IRT linking methods—fixed parameter calibration, mean/mean linking, weighted mean/mean linking, and concurrent calibration—applied to Rasch-scaled data with a small item pool. Moreover, the number of anchor items required in the absence/presence of moderate model misfit was investigated in small to medium sample sizes. Effects on the link outcome were operationalized as bias, relative bias, and root mean square error of the estimated sample mean and variance of the latent variable. In the light of this limited context, concurrent calibration had substantial convergence issues, while the other methods resulted in an overall satisfying and similar parameter recovery—even in the presence of moderate model misfit. Our findings suggest that in case of model misfit, the share of anchor items should exceed 20% as is currently proposed in the literature. Future studies should further investigate the effects of anchor item composition regarding unbalanced model misfit. (shrink)

Titus Livius (59 v. Chr. - 17 n. Chr.) hat in seiner "Römischen Geschichte" die Ereignisse von der Gründung der Stadt bis zum Tod des Drusus 9 v. Chr. dargestellt. Das Werk umfasste 142 Bücher, von denen 35 erhalten sind: Buch 1-10 (bis 293 v. Chr.) und 21-45 (219-167 v. Chr.). Von den übrigen Partien haben wir neben einigen Fragmenten Kunde durch antike Inhaltsangaben und andere Auszüge sowie durch die Benutzung des livianischen Werkes bei einer Reihe späterer Historiker. Livius' Darstellung (...) der Geschichte seines Volkes steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Bemühungen des Augustus um eine Neuordnung des römischen Staates. Seine hohe Sprach- und Darstellungskunst und sein Einfühlungsvermögen ließen ein Werk entstehen, das rasch allgemeine Anerkennung fand und die früheren Darstellungen der römischen Geschichte in Vergessenheit geraten ließ. Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die "Römische Geschichte" des Livius von höchstem Rang. "Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die 'Römische Geschichte' des Livius von höchstem Rang." Helvetia archaeologia "Die mustergültige Übersetzung ist eine treffende, unverzichtbare Hilfe." Lesenswert Das Gesamtwerk in 11 Bänden ist komplett lieferbar. (shrink)

Titus Livius (59 v. Chr. - 17 n. Chr.) hat in seiner "Römischen Geschichte" die Ereignisse von der Gründung der Stadt bis zum Tod des Drusus 9 v. Chr. dargestellt. Das Werk umfasste 142 Bücher, von denen 35 erhalten sind: Buch 1-10 (bis 293 v. Chr.) und 21-45 (219-167 v. Chr.). Von den übrigen Partien haben wir neben einigen Fragmenten Kunde durch antike Inhaltsangaben und andere Auszüge sowie durch die Benutzung des livianischen Werkes bei einer Reihe späterer Historiker. Livius' Darstellung (...) der Geschichte seines Volkes steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Bemühungen des Augustus um eine Neuordnung des römischen Staates. Seine hohe Sprach- und Darstellungskunst und sein Einfühlungsvermögen ließen ein Werk entstehen, das rasch allgemeine Anerkennung fand und die früheren Darstellungen der römischen Geschichte in Vergessenheit geraten ließ. Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die "Römische Geschichte" des Livius von höchstem Rang. "Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die 'Römische Geschichte' des Livius von höchstem Rang." Helvetia archaeologia "Die mustergültige Übersetzung ist eine treffende, unverzichtbare Hilfe." Lesenswert Das Gesamtwerk in 11 Bänden ist komplett lieferbar. (shrink)

Titus Livius (59 v. Chr. - 17 n. Chr.) hat in seiner "Römischen Geschichte" die Ereignisse von der Gründung der Stadt bis zum Tod des Drusus 9 v. Chr. dargestellt. Das Werk umfasste 142 Bücher, von denen 35 erhalten sind: Buch 1-10 (bis 293 v. Chr.) und 21-45 (219-167 v. Chr.). Von den übrigen Partien haben wir neben einigen Fragmenten Kunde durch antike Inhaltsangaben und andere Auszüge sowie durch die Benutzung des livianischen Werkes bei einer Reihe späterer Historiker. Livius' Darstellung (...) der Geschichte seines Volkes steht in engem Zusammenhang mit den Bemühungen des Augustus um eine Neuordnung des römischen Staates. Seine hohe Sprach- und Darstellungskunst und sein Einfühlungsvermögen ließen ein Werk entstehen, das rasch allgemeine Anerkennung fand und die früheren Darstellungen der römischen Geschichte in Vergessenheit geraten ließ. Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die "Römische Geschichte" des Livius von höchstem Rang. Im ersten Buch seines monumentalen Geschichtswerks berichtet Livius von der Landung des Aeneas in Italien, der sagenumwobenen Gründung Roms und der Herrschaft der legendären sieben Könige bis zum Sturz der tarquinischen Gewaltherrschaft und der Einführung der Republik (509 v. Chr.). Die beiden folgenden Bücher stellen die Entwicklung bis 446 v. Chr. dar. Zunächst musste die errungene Freiheit gegen Gefährdungen von innen und außen verteidigt werden. Dann bestimmte der Ständekampf zwischen den Plebejern und den Patriziern weitgehend das Geschehen; er führte 493 v. Chr. zur Einrichtung des Volkstribunats und 451-449 v. Chr. zum Decemvirat und zur Aufzeichnung der Gesetze. Dazu sind die Kämpfe mit den benachbarten Sabinern und Etruskern, Volskern und Aequern und das Ringen um die Vormachtstellung in Latuum dargestellt. Die ersten Bücher haben den Ruhm des Livius begründet. Die Gestalten der römischen Frühzeit sind in seiner meisterhaften Darstellung zum gemeinsamen Besitz der Kulturwelt geworden. "Als Geschichtsquelle, als Zeitdokument und als Kunstwerk ist die 'Römische Geschichte' des Livius von höchstem Rang." Helvetia archaeologia "Die mustergültige Übersetzung ist eine treffende, unverzichtbare Hilfe." Lesenswert. (shrink)

Objective: The main purpose of this study was the psychometric assessment of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale among Iranian older population. Methods: Using a standard “forward-backward” translation procedure, the original English version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale was translated into Persian. Internal consistency of the scale was checked by the Cronbach’s α coefficient. Convergent validity of the instrument was appraised by the Social Skills Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Factor structure of the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale and possible (...) interplay between its subscales were checked through recruiting a convenient sample of 300 Iranian older people and performing the confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: The estimated Cronbach’s α and intraclass correlation coefficients for the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale were in the vicinity of acceptable range, that is, 0.87 and 0.93, respectively. The output of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that a four-factor model best fitted the study data (χ2 = 323.49; df = 129; p < 0.001; comparative fit index = 0.913; Tucker–Lewis index = 0.901; root mean square error approximation = 0.074; standardized root mean square residual = 0.078). Rasch estimates of item difficulty ranged from –1.28 (less difficult) to 1.33 (more difficult). No significant cross-gender differences were observed regarding the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale’s items indicating its invariant psychometric properties for use in the Iranian men and women subgroups. Ethical Considertaion: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Tabriz university of medical science. Informed consent, information confidentiality, and voluntary participation were guaranteed. Conclusion: The study findings were indicative of applicability of the Iranian version of Jacelon’s Attributed Dignity Scale as a reliable tool in measurement of the perceived social dignity among Iranian and probably other Persian-speaking older populations. (shrink)

The dominant approach to environmental policy endorsed by conservative and libertarian policy thinkers, so-called “free market environmentalism”, is grounded in the recognition and protection of property rights in environmental resources. Despite this normative commitment to property rights, most self-described FME advocates adopt a utilitarian, welfare-maximization approach to climate change policy, arguing that the costs of mitigation measures could outweigh the costs of climate change itself. Yet even if anthropogenic climate change is decidedly less than catastrophic, human-induced climate change is likely (...) to contribute to environmental changes that violate traditional conceptions of property rights. Viewed globally, the actions of some countries—primarily industrialized nations—are likely to increase environmental harms suffered by other countries—less developed nations that have not made any significant contribution to climate change. It may well be that aggregate human welfare would be maximized in a warmer, wealthier world, or that the gains from climate change will offset environmental losses. Yet such claims, even if demonstrated, would not address the normative concern that the consequences of anthropogenic global warming would infringe upon the rights of people in less-developed nations. As a consequence, this paper calls for a rethinking of FME approaches to climate change policy. (shrink)

Guidelines for a model bride in Islam based on Islamic teachings; includes stories of six exemplary Muslim wives during Prophet Muhammad's time.

Hegels Philosophie ist die wissenschaftliche Weltanschauung unserer Zeit, so lautet die These, d.h. Ausdruck einer selbst zur Ideologie entarteten Idee von Wissen, in die unser Zeitalter, als das „Zeitalter der Wissenschaft”, alle Hoffnung der Menschheit setzt. Es ist die der klassischen griechischen Philosophie entstammende Idee, daß wahres Wissen, und mithin grundlegend auch für jede erfolgversprechende Praxis, allein rein theoretisches Wissen sei. Dieses Wissen fordert Objektivität, weil es für das einzig Wirkliche das in sich und an sich Bestimmte hält und Wahrheit (...) nur in der Anpassung an das an sich so Seiende erblickt. Die Neuzeit ist das Zeitalter, in dem Philosophie und Wissenschaft diese überkommene Idee einerseits praktisch, andererseits auch selbst erst theoretisch zu verwirklichen unternehmen. Die bald rasch sich aufhäufenden praktischen Erfolge der modernen Wisenschaft sind bekannt. Die Versuche zu einer streng wissenschaftlichen Begründung rein theoretischen Wissens im Sinne der Idee dieses Wissens selbst, welche die Geschichte der Philosophie der Neuzeit von Descartes bis Fichte ausfüllen, führen indessen zu einer unwiderstehlich zunehmenden Einsicht in die Wirklichkeitsfremdheit der Idee rein theoretischen Wissens. Fichte zuerst sah zwischen Wissenim Sinne dieser Idee - und Realität eine unüberwindliche Kluft sich auftun. Angesichts dessen hat sich Hegel, um diese Idee zu retten, auf die verzweifelte Auskunft verlegt, dieses Wissen absolut zu setzen. Damit konnte er jederlei Bedenken, welches sich vom absoluten Standpunkt des Wissens entfernte und auf die Realität verweisen wollte, den Weg verlegen. Die Aufhebung aller Realität im absolut gesetzten Wissen aber, behauptete Hegel, bewahre in Wahrheit das Ganze, welches an ihr allein das Wahre sei. Dies nachzuweisen, diente ihm das Mittel der „Dialektik”, welche auf einer systematischen Verwechslung von notwendigen Möglichkeitsbedingungen und zureichenden Gründen beruht. Indem jedoch Hegel die Idee rein theoretischen Wissens absolut setzte und somit der Forderung entzog, sie ihren eigenen theoretischen Ansprüchen gemäß streng wissenschaftlich zu begründen und zu verwirklichen, machte er das Wissen selbst zum bloßen Glaubensgegenstande einer Weltanschauung. Husserl andererseits teilte zwar diesen Glauben, doch erneuerte er unter der Losung „Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft” jene Forderung, damit aber jenen seit den Cartesianischen Meditationen eingeleiteten kritischen Prozeß, der nunmehr scheint, das Urteil aufzunötigen: Rein theoretisches Wissen ist selbst nur praktisch zu verwirklichen auf den Boden einer Weltanschauung, welche als solche im Widerspruch steht zu den Forderungen des Wissens selber. Der Versuch einer selbst streng wissenschaftlichen Verwirklichung der Idee rein theoretischen Wissens hingegen, den zuletzt Husserl unternahm, zwang die phänomenologische Philosophie zu einer Umwertung der Idee des Wissens. In Wirklichkeit ist theoretisches Wissen nicht Wissen, sojern und weil es rein theoretisches ist, sondern sofern es das nicht und wiewohl es nur theoretisches ist. (shrink)

The problem which I propose to consider is not whether the distinctions past, present, future, characterize the form of time in such a way that whatever may be true concerning the reality of one of these characteristics must be equally true of the others, but the more particular question of the kind of existence which belongs to the content of the past, or its constituents as events.

The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated a rapid escalation in the use of telepsychiatry. Herein we revisit some of the ethical issues regarding its use, including patient benefice, distributive justice, privacy, and autonomy. Based on these considerations we would hold that telepsychiatry is a vital aspect of providing psychiatric care, and ethically should be offered as a format for treatment, likely beyond the pandemic period. Investigative and advocacy efforts will need to continue to determine its exact role within psychiatric care, and (...) expand its availability for those most in need. (shrink)

Philosophy; philosophical theology; philosophical anthropology; history.

First published in 1962, Freedom and History expresses a deep concern about freedom and the way it is imperilled by misunderstandings. Professor Lewis examines works of T.H. Green and compares Green with Locke and Rousseau.

On the rights of husband and wife according to Islamic teachings.

The unity of the group mind is a psychoplastic unity. In the group mind subjects are integrated through an object and not objects through a subject. It follows, among many much more important consequences, that a scientific analysis and arrangement of the law relating to corporations should proceed in the manner practically indicated in the Law of Limited Companies, Corporations Sole, Trusts, Bankruptcy, Local Government, and so forth, that is to say, by the estatificatian of interests and not by the (...) pretended incorporation of people. (shrink)

This paper is a study of the consequences that follow from modeling a nonlinear and nonrelativistic quantum theory for gravitating particles. At present there exists no relativistic generalizations that do not sacrifice certain assumptions which are standard in covariant field theories.

The mind-body relation or, more particularly, the mind-brain relation 1 has been a perennial puzzle for philosophers—how can things so different be intimately related? Husserl dealt with the mind-brain relation in Section 63 of Ideen II, “Psychophysischer Parallelismus and Wechselwirkung,” 2 where he gave a critique of psychophysical parallelism. For Husserl, the mind-brain relation is to be understood not as a material or metaphysical relation, but as a relation between the presented sense or significance of two varieties of appearances. Husserl’s (...) account in this section will be examined and the following points will be discussed: (1) Husserl’s argument that the significance of brain states is basic to the full sense of a mind operating in an objective world; (2) Husserl’s view that a strict parallelism between the psyche and brain is an eidetic impossibility; (3) Husserl’s treatment of these questions, in so far as he raises but does not adequately resolve the issue, whether states of consciousness precede or follow brain states; (4) Husserl’s somewhat Cartesian failure to distinguish the phenomenological priority of consciousness from the metaphysical question of the possibility of an existent mind apart from a body. (shrink)